How Much Money Does The United States Spend On Military Each Year

Yearly spending of the United States armed forces

Military machine upkeep of China, USSR, Russia and U.S. in constant 2019 US$ billions

The military budget is the largest portion of the discretionary United States federal upkeep allocated to the Department of Defense, or more than broadly, the portion of the upkeep that goes to whatever war machine-related expenditures. The military upkeep pays the salaries, preparation, and health intendance of uniformed and civilian personnel, maintains arms, equipment and facilities, funds operations, and develops and buys new items. The upkeep funds five branches of the U.S. military: the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force.

Every bit of 2 March 2022, the defense department is still operating nether a continuing resolution,^[1] which constrains spending fifty-fifty though DoD has to reply to world events, such every bit the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine;^{[1] [2]} the FY2023 defence budget request will exceed $773 billion, co-ordinate to the chairman of the Business firm Military Committee.^[three] By 9 March 2022 a bipartisan agreement on a $782 billion defense force budget had been reached (every bit part of an overall $one.5 trillion budget for FY2022 —thus avoiding a authorities shutdown).^[iv]

Equally of iv April 2022 the FY2023 presidential budget request of $773 billion included $177.5 billion for the Army,^[v] $194 billion for the Air Force and Space Strength,^[6] and $230.8 billion for the Navy and Marine Corps (upward four.i% from FY2022 request).^[7]

Upkeep for FY2022 [edit]

In May 2021, the President's defense budget request for financial yr 2022 (FY2022) is $715 billion, up $ten billion, from FY2021's $705 billion.^[8] The total FY2022 defense budget request, including the Department of Energy, is $753 billion, up $12 billion from FY2021's upkeep asking.^{[8] [9]} On 22 July 2021 the Senate Armed Services Committee approved a budget $25 billion greater than the President'due south defense budget asking for FY2022.^{[ten] [11]} The National Defense Authorization Act, budgeting $740 billion for defence, was signed 27 Dec 2021.^[12]

By military department,^{[thirteen] [xiv] [15]} the Army's portion of the budget request, $173 billion, drops $iii.half dozen billion from the enacted FY2021 budget;^{[sixteen] [17] [18]} the Section of the Navy's portion of the budget request, $211.7 billion, rises 1.8% from the enacted FY2021 upkeep, largely due to the 6% increase for the Marine Corps' restructuring to a coastal combat force (Navy request: $163.nine billion, or merely 0.6% over FY2021, Marine Corps asking: $47.nine billion, a 6.2% increase over FY2021);^[nineteen] the Air Force's $156.3 billion asking for FY2022 is a 2.3% increase over FY21 enacted budget; the Space Force budget of $17.4 billion is a 13.one% increment over FY21 enacted upkeep.^[20] Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) is now replaced by 'straight state of war and enduring costs', which are now migrated into the upkeep.^[14] After the release of the FY2022 budget requests to Congress, the military machine departments also posted their Unfunded priorities/requirements lists for the Congressional Armed services Committees.^{[21] [22] [23] [24] [25]}

Budget for FY2021 [edit]

For Financial Yr 2021 (FY2021), the Department of Defence's discretionary upkeep dominance is approximately $705.39 billion ($705,390,000,000). Mandatory spending of $10.77 billion, the Section of Free energy and defense-related spending of $37.335 billion added up to the total FY2021 Defense budget of $753.5 billion.^[nine] FY2021 was the final year for Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) every bit shown by the troop withdrawal from Afghanistan. Research, Evolution, Exam, and Evaluation (RDT&East) investments for the time to come are commencement past the OCO cuts, and past reduced procurement of legacy materiel.^{[8] [26]}

Budget Summary for FY 2021 with Projections for FY 2022-2025^[ix] [edit]

(Expenditures listed in million $)

Function and Subfunction[9]	FY 2019[9]	FY2020[9]				FY 2021[ix]			FY 2022[nine]	FY 2023[9]	FY 2024[ix]	FY 2025[9]
	Total	Base	OCO	Emerg.	Total	Base	OCO	Total	Full	Total	Full	Total
051 - Dept of Defence force Discretionary
Military Personnel (No MERHFC)	141,851	142,446	four,486		146,932	150,524	four,603	155,126	158,117	162,796	167,495	171,897
Operation and Maintenance	281,801	234,885	53,735	977	289,597	230,352	58,569	288,921	279,501	282,530	296,585	301,993
Procurement	146,533	131,734	11,590	431	143,754	131,756	five,128	136,884	137,746	149,108	157,060	161,930
RDT&East	95,304	103,520	834	130	104,485	106,225	331	106,555	104,839	101,821	100,254	99,961
Revolving and Management Funds	1,873	1,564	20	234	1,818	ane,349	20	1,369	ane,347	1,358	1,381	1,410
Department of Defense force Nib (No MERHFC)	667,362	614,149	70,665	1,772	686,586	620,206	68,651	688,855	681,550	697,613	722,775	737,191
Medicare-Eligible Ret Health Fund Contr	7,533	7,817			vii,817	8,373		8,373	8,819	nine,270	9,752	x,255
Department of Defense Bill Plus MERHFC	674,895	621,966	lxx,665	1,772	694,403	628,579	68,651	697,228	690,369	706,883	732,527	747,446
Military Construction	11,332	9,850	645	6,229	16,723	6,462	350	6,812	10,036	eight,623	eight,379	9,233
Family Housing	one,565	1,465			ane,465	1,351		1,351	1,497	i,556	i,649	1,655
Armed forces Construction Bill	12,897	11,315	645	six,229	18,188	vii,813	350	8,163	11,533	10,179	ten,028	10,888
Allowances	38
Outyears Placeholder for OCO									20,000	20,000	x,000	10,000
051 - Total DoD Discretionary (DoD Record)	687,830	633,281	71,310	8,000	712,591	636,392	69,000	705,392	721,902	737,063	752,555	768,334
Scoring and Rounding	22				5
051 - Total DoD Discretionary (OMB Record)	687,852				712,596			705,392	721,902	737,063	752,555	768,334
051 - Dept of Defense Mandatory
Military Personnel	7,909				8,505			10,605	10,898	11,136	eleven,389	11,628
Functioning and Maintenance	1,328				997			1,368	i,184	i,154	1,173	ane,193
Procurement	266				252			289
RDT&E	230				240			153
Revolving and Management Funds	16,742
Department of Defense Bill	26,475				nine,994			12,415	12,082	12,290	12,562	12,821
Military Construction
Family unit Housing	39				36
Armed services Construction Pecker	39				36
Trust Funds	442				755			484	530	615	230	229
Offsetting Receipts	-2,194				-1,753			-2,043	-ane,922	-ane,892	-one,912	-1,933
Interfund Transactions	-46				-91			-86	-83	-79	-77	-74
051 - Total DoD Mandatory (DoD Tape)	24,716				8,941			10,770	10,608	10,934	x,804	eleven,044
Scoring and Rounding	2				7			5	309	200	115	41
051 - Total DoD Mandatory (OMB Tape)	24,718				viii,948			10,775	ten,917	11,134	10,919	xi,085

Budget for FY2020 [edit]

For Fiscal Year 2020 (FY2020), the Department of Defense's budget authority is approximately $721.v billion ($721,531,000,000). Approximately $712.6 billion is discretionary spending with approximately $8.9 billion in mandatory spending. The Section of Defense force estimates that $689.half dozen billion ($689,585,000,000) will actually be spent (outlays).^[27] Both left-wing and right-wing commentators have advocated for the cutting of military spending.^{[28] [29] [thirty] [31]}

Budget for FY2019 [edit]

For FY2019, the Department of Defense'southward budget say-so was $693,058,000,000 (Including Discretionary and Mandatory Budget Authorization).^[32]

Total overview [edit]

NATIONAL Defense BUDGET AUTHORITY - DISCRETIONARY AND MANDATORY (Dollars in Millions)^[32]

(Discretionary Budget Authority) + OCO + Emergency (Combined)	FY2019
Military Personnel (x-MERHFC)	$143,198
Operations and Maintenance	$278,803
Procurement	$147,287
RDT&E	$95,253
Revolving and Management Funds	$1,656
Defense Bill (No MERHFC)	$666,197
Medicare-Eligible Retiree Wellness Fund Contribution (MERHFC)	$7,533
Department of Defense Nib Plus MERHFC	$673,730
Armed services Structure	$9,688
Family Housing	$1,565
Armed forces Construction Beak	$11,253
Full Base of operations + OCO + Emergency (DoD Record)	$684,985
Total DoD Mandatory (DoD Record)	$8,073
DoD Full	$693,058

For personnel payment and benefits [edit]

Personnel payment and benefits take upwardly approximately 39.14% of the full upkeep of $686,074,048,000^[33]

Pay & Benefits Funding ($ in billions, Base Upkeep but)^[33]

Pay & Benefits Funding	FY 2019
Military Personnel Appropriations	$140.7
Medicare-Eligible Retiree Health Care Accruals	$7.five
Defense Health Program	$34.2
DoD Education Activeness	$3.4
Family Housing	$i.half-dozen
Commissary Subsidy	$ane.3
Other Benefit Programs	$3.iv
Armed services Pay & Benefits	$192.0
Civilian Pay & Benefits	$76.4
Total Pay & Benefits	$268.5

By Overseas Contingency Functioning [edit]

Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) funds are sometimes called War funds^[34]

OCO Funding by Operation/Activeness ($ in billions)

Functioning/Action	FY2019
Performance Freedom'South SENTINEL (OFS) and Related Missions	$46.iii
Functioning INHERENT RESOLVE (OIR) and Related Missions	$15.three
European Deterrence Initiative (EDI)	$6.5
Security Cooperation	$0.9
Chiliad Full	$69.0

By Military machine Department [edit]

DoD Total (Base + OCO + Emergency) Budget by War machine Section ($ in Billions)

Discretionary Upkeep Authority in Thousands Base + OCO + Emergency	FY 2019[33]
Department of the Army	$182
Department of the Navy (Includes the United States Marine Corps)	$194.1
Department of the Air Strength	$194.two
Defense force-Wide	$115.viii

Military Health Care Funding^[33] [edit]

Armed forces Health Intendance Funding ($ in billions, Base of operations Budget simply)

Program	FY2019
Defence Health (DHP)	$33.vii
Military Personnel	$8.ix
Military Construction	$0.iv
Health Care Accrual	$7.5
Unified Medical Budget	$50.6
Treasury Receipts for Current Medicare-Eligible Retirees	11.1

The MHS offers, but does not e'er provide, a health care benefit to 9.v million eligible beneficiaries, which includes active armed services members and their families, armed forces retirees and their families, dependent survivors, and sure eligible Reserve Component members and their families. The Unified Medical Budget (UMB), which comprise the funding and personnel needed to back up the MHS' mission, consumes about 9% of the Department'southward topline budget authorisation. Thus, it is a pregnant line item in the Section'south financial portfolio.^[33]

Budgeting Terms [edit]

Budget Authority: the dominance to legally incur bounden obligations (like signing contracts and placing orders), that will outcome in current and future outlays. When "military upkeep" is mentioned, people generally are referring to discretionary budget dominance.

Outlays: Also known as expenditures or disbursements, information technology is the liquidation of obligations and general represent cash payments.

Total Obligational Say-so: DoD financial term expressing the value of the direct Defence force program for a given financial year, exclusive of the obligation authority from other sources (such as reimbursable orders accepted)

Discretionary: Annually appropriated by the U.s. Congress, subject to upkeep caps.

Mandatory: Budget Authority authorized by permanent police.

Previous budgets [edit]

As of 2013, the Department of Defense was the tertiary largest executive branch department and utilized xx% of the federal budget.

For the 2011 fiscal year, the president's base budget for the Section of Defense and spending on "overseas contingency operations" combine to bring the sum to U.s.a.$664.84 billion.^{[35] [36]}

When the budget was signed into constabulary on 28 October 2009, the terminal size of the Section of Defence force's budget was $680 billion, $16 billion more than than President Obama had requested.^[37] An boosted $37 billion supplemental bill to support the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan was expected to pass in the spring of 2010, only has been delayed by the House of Representatives after passing the Senate.^{[38] [39]}

Emergency and supplemental spending [edit]

The recent war machine operations in Iraq and Afghanistan were largely funded through supplementary spending bills that supplemented the annual war machine budget requests for each fiscal yr.^[xl] However, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were categorized equally "overseas contingency operations" in the starting of the fiscal year 2010, and the budget is included in the federal budget.^{[ citation needed ]}

Past the end of 2008, the U.Southward. had spent approximately $900 billion in direct costs on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The authorities as well incurred indirect costs, which include interests on additional debt and incremental costs, financed by the Veterans Administration, of caring for more than 33,000 wounded. Some experts estimate the indirect costs will eventually exceed the directly costs.^[41] As of June 2011, the total toll of the wars was approximately $i.3 trillion.^[42]

By title [edit]

USA 2010 Military Budget Spending

The federally budgeted (see below) military expenditure of the The states Department of Defense for financial twelvemonth 2013 are as follows. While data is provided from the 2015 budget, data for 2014 and 2015 is estimated, and thus data is shown for the last year for which definite data exists (2013).^[43]

Components	Funding	Change, 2012 to 2013
Operations and maintenance	$258.277 billion	−9.9%
Armed services Personnel	$153.531 billion	−three.0%
Procurement	$97.757 billion	−17.four%
Inquiry, Evolution, Testing & Evaluation	$63.347 billion	−12.i%
Military Structure	$8.069 billion	−29.0%
Family Housing	$ane.483 billion	−12.2%
Other Miscellaneous Costs	$2.775 billion	−59.five%
Atomic free energy defense activities	$17.424 billion	−four.8%
Defense-related activities	$7.433 billion	−3.8%
Full spending	$610.096 billion	−10.5%

By entity [edit]

Entity	2010 budget request[44]	Percentage	Notes
Army	$244.8 billion	31.8%
Navy	$142.2 billion	23.4%	excluding Marine Corps
Air Force	$170.6 billion	22%
Defense Wide Joint Activities	$118.vii billion	15.v%
Marine Corps	$ten.half dozen meg	4%	Total budget taken allotted from Department of Navy
Defense Intelligence	$80.1 billion [45]	3.3%	Because of classified nature, budget is an approximate and may non be the actual figure

Programs spending more than $1.5 billion [edit]

The Department of Defense's FY 2011 $137.5 billion procurement and $77.two billion RDT&E budget requests included several programs worth more than $ane.five billion.

Programme	2011 budget request[46]	Change, 2010 to 2011
F-35 Articulation Strike Fighter	$11.4 billion	+ii.1%
Missile Defense force Agency (THAAD, Aegis, GMD, PAC-3)	$9.9 billion	+7.iii%
Virginia class submarine	$five.4 billion	+28.0%
Brigade Combat Team Modernization	$3.2 billion	+21.8%
DDG 51 Burke-class Aegis Destroyer	$3.0 billion	+19.6%
P–8A Poseidon	$2.9 billion	−1.6%
V-22 Osprey	$ii.eight billion	−6.five%
Carrier Replacement Program	$2.vii billion	+95.eight%
F/A-18E/F Hornet	$ii.0 billion	+17.4%
Predator and Reaper Unmanned Aerial System	$1.9 billion	+57.8%
Littoral gainsay ship	$1.8 billion	+12.5%
CVN Refueling and Complex Overhaul	$1.seven billion	−half dozen.0%
Chemical Demilitarization	$ane.6 billion	−7.0%
RQ-4 Global Militarist	$i.v billion	+half dozen.vii%
Space-Based Infrared Organisation	$1.5 billion	+54.0%

[edit]

This does not include many armed forces-related items that are outside of the Defense Department upkeep, such equally nuclear weapons research, maintenance, cleanup, and production, which are in the Diminutive Energy Defence Activities section,^[47] Veterans Diplomacy, the Treasury Section'due south payments in pensions to war machine retirees and widows and their families, interest on debt incurred in past wars, or State Department financing of strange arms sales and militarily-related development assistance. Neither does it include defense spending that is domestic rather than international in nature, such every bit the Department of Homeland Security, counter-terrorism spending by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and intelligence-gathering spending by NSA, although these programs incorporate certain weapons, military and security components.

Audit of 2011 budget [edit]

Over again in 2011, the GAO could not "render an stance on the 2011 consolidated fiscal statements of the federal government", with a major obstruction once more being "serious financial direction problems at the Department of Defense (DOD) that made its financial statements unauditable".^[48]

In December 2011, the GAO plant that "neither the Navy nor the Marine Corps have implemented effective processes for reconciling their FBWT." According to the GAO, "An bureau's FBWT account is like in concept to a corporate banking concern business relationship. The difference is that instead of a cash balance, FBWT represents unexpended spending authority in appropriations." In addition, "As of April 2011, there were more than $22 billion unmatched disbursements and collections affecting more than than 10,000 lines of accounting."^[49]

Audit of implementation of upkeep for 2010 [edit]

The U.s.a. Government Accountability Part (GAO) was unable to provide an inspect opinion on the 2010 financial statements of the Us Regime because of 'widespread material internal control weaknesses, significant uncertainties, and other limitations'.^[50] The GAO cited as the master obstacle to its provision of an audit stance 'serious financial direction issues at the Department of Defense that fabricated its fiscal statements unauditable'.^[fifty]

In FY 2010, half dozen out of thirty-three DoD reporting entities received unqualified audit opinions.^[51]

Primary fiscal officer and Nether Secretary of Defense Robert F. Hale acknowledged enterprise-broad bug with systems and processes,^[52] while the DoD'southward Inspector Full general reported 'textile internal control weaknesses ... that touch on the safeguarding of avails, proper use of funds, and impair the prevention and identification of fraud, waste, and abuse'.^[53] Further direction word in the FY 2010 DoD Financial Study states 'it is not feasible to deploy a vast number of accountants to manually reconcile our books' and concludes that 'although the financial statements are non auditable for FY 2010, the Department'southward financial managers are meeting warfighter needs'.^[54]

Upkeep for 2016 [edit]

On 9 February 2016, the Us Department of Defence under President Obama released a statement outlining the proposed 2016 and 2017 defence spending budgets that "[reflect] the priorities necessary for our forcefulness today and in the future to best serve and protect our nation in a rapidly changing security environment."^[55]

Budget by appropriation^[55]

Components	Dollars in billions
Military Personnel	138.half dozen
Operation and Maintenance	244.iv
Procurement	118.9
RDT&E	69.0
Revolving and Direction Funds	i.3
Military Construction	6.9
Family Housing	1.3
Total	580.3

Budget by military departments^[55]

Departments	Dollars in billions
Ground forces	146.9
Navy	168.8
Air Forcefulness	161.8
Defense Broad	102.eight
Total	580.3

Upkeep request for FY2019 [edit]

In February 2018, the Pentagon requested $686 billion for FY 2019.^[56]

The John S. McCain National Defense Authorisation Act authorized Department of Defense appropriations for 2019 and established policies, but it did non contain the budget itself. On 26 July, this bill passed in the House of Representatives by 359-54. On ane August, the United states Senate passed it by 87-10. The bill was presented to President Trump 2 days after. He signed information technology on 13 August.^{[57] [58] [59]}

On 28 September 2018, Trump signed the Department of Defence appropriations bill. The approved 2019 Department of Defense discretionary budget is $686.1 billion.^[threescore] It has as well been described as "$617 billion for the base budget and another $69 billion for war funding."^[61]

Budget asking for FY2018 [edit]

On 16 March 2017 President Trump submitted his request to Congress for $639 billion in military spending (an increase of $54 billion, 10% for FY 2018, as well as $30 billion for FY2017, which ends in September). With a full federal budget of $3.9 trillion for FY2018, the increase in military spending would result in deep cuts to many other federal agencies and domestic programs, besides equally the State Section.^{[62] [63] [64] [65]} Trump had pledged to "rebuild" the armed forces as part of his 2016 Presidential campaign.^[66]

In Apr 2017, journalist Scot J. Paltrow raised concerns about the increment in spending with the Pentagon's history of "faulty accounting".^[67]

On 14 July, H.R. 2810 the National Defense Authorization Deed 2018 was passed by the U.Southward. House of Representatives 344 - 81, with 8 not voting. sixty% of Democrats voted for this beak, which represented an eighteen% increase in defense force spending. The Congress increased the budget to full 696 billion dollars.

Budget request for FY2017 [edit]

Appropriated 2016 budget and proposed 2017 upkeep

The currently available budget request for 2017 was filed on 9 February 2016,^{[55] [68]} under then-President Barack Obama.

The press release of the proposal specifies the construction and goals for the Fiscal Year (FY) 2017 budget:^[55]

The FY 2017 budget reflects contempo strategic threats and changes that take taken place in Asia, the Center Due east and Europe. Russian aggression, terrorism by the Islamic Land of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and others, and China'due south island edifice and claims of sovereignty in international waters all necessitate changes in our strategic outlook and in our operational commitments. Threats and deportment originating in Iran and Due north Korea negatively bear upon our interests and our allies. These challenges accept sharpened the focus of our planning and budgeting.

The proposal also includes a comparing of the 2016 and the proposed 2017 request amounts, a summary of acquisitions requested for 2017 and enacted in 2016, and provides in detail a breakup of specific programs to be funded.

Investments [edit]

	FY 2016 Enacted	FY 2017 Request	Change
Shipping and Related Systems	l.6	45.3	−5.iii
C4I Systems	7.1	7.4	0.3
Ground Systems	nine.ix	nine.8	−0.1
Missile Defense Programs	9.1	viii.5	−0.vi
Missiles and Munitions	12.7	13.nine	ane.2
Mission Support	52.9	52.4	−0.5
Science & Engineering science (S&T)	13.0	12.5	−0.5
Shipbuilding and Maritime Systems	27.5	27.0	−0.v
Space-Based Systems	7.0	seven.ane	0.1
Rescissions	−one.8	-	+ane.eight
Full	188	183.ix	−4.ane

Amounts are in $ billions.

Major acquisition programs [edit]

These are the top 25 DoD weapon programs described in detail:

		FY 2016		FY 2017
		Qty	$	Qty	$
Aircraft
F-35	Joint Strike Fighter	68	eleven.6	63	10.five
KC-46A	Tanker	12	3.0	15	3.three
P-8A	Poseidon	17	three.4	11	2.ii
V-22	Osprey	20	1.six	xvi	one.v
Due east-2D AHE	Advanced Eagle	5	1.2	vi	1.4
AH-64E	Apache Helicopter	64	one.four	52	ane.ane
C/HC/MC-130J	Hercules	29	two.4	14	1.3
UH-60	Black Militarist Helicopter	107	i.8	36	ane.0
CH-53K	King Stallion Helicopter	--	0.6	2	0.8
MQ-4C	Triton	4	1.0	two	0.8
H-1 Upgrades	Bell Helicopter	29	0.nine	24	0.eight
NGJ	Next Generation Jammer Increment 1	--	0.4	--	0.6
CH-47F	Chinook Helicopter	39	1.1	22	0.seven
Missile Defense/Missiles
BMDS	Ballistic Missile Defense	--	7.7	--	6.9
Trident Ii	Trident Two Missile Modifications	--	one.ii	--	1.2
AMRAAM	Advanced Medium Range Air to Air Missile	429	0.7	419	0.vii
Ships
SSN 774	VIRGINIA Submarine	2	5.seven	2	5.3
DDG 51	AEGIS Destroyer	2	four.4	2	3.five
CVN 78	FORD Aircraft Carrier	--	2.8	--	2.viii
ORR	Ohio Replacement	--	one.4	--	1.9
LHA-6	Amphibious Assault Ship	--	0.5	ane	i.6
LCS	Littoral Combat Ship	three	1.8	2	1.6
Infinite
AEHF	Avant-garde Extremely High Frequency Satellite	--	0.six	--	0.9
EELV	Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle	4	ane.5	5	one.8
Trucks
JLTV	Articulation Lite Tactical Vehicle	804	0.iv	2,020	0.7

$ in billions, Qty being the number of items requested.

Science and Engineering Program [edit]

This program's purpose is to "invest in and develop capabilities that advance the technical superiority of the U.S. Military to counter new and emerging threats."^[68] It has a budget of $12.v billion, simply is apart from the overall Enquiry, Evolution, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&Due east) portfolio, which comprises $71.viii billion. Efforts funded utilize to the Obama administration'due south refocusing of the Usa military to Asia, identifying investments to "sustain and advance [the] DoD'south armed forces dominance for the 21st century", counter the "technological advances of U.South. foes",^[68] and support Manufacturing Initiative institutes. A breakdown of the amounts provided, by tier of research, is provided:

Programme	FY 2016 asking	FY 2016 enacted	FY 2017 asking	Modify (FY16 enacted − FY17 asking)
Basic Research	ii.ane	ii.3	two.1	−0.two
Applied Enquiry	iv.7	v.0	four.8	−0.ii
Advanced Technology Development	5.5	5.seven	5.six	−0.ane
Total	12.3	xiii.0	12.five	-0.5

Total budget by department [edit]

Full budget	FY 2016 enacted	FY 2017 request	Alter
Army	146,928,044	148,033,950	+1,105,906
Navy	168,786,798	164,861,078	-iii,925,720
Air Strength	161,783,330	166,879,239	+5,095,909
Defense force-Wide	102,801,512	102,927,320	+125,808
Total	580,299,684	582,701,587	+two,401,903

Amounts in thousands of $The states

Total budget of military machine [edit]

Total budget	FY 2016 enacted	FY 2017 request	Alter
Military Personnel	138,552,886	138,831,498	+278,612
Functioning and Maintenance	244,434,932	250,894,310	+6,459,378
Procurement	118,866,320	112,081,088	-6,785,232
RDT&Due east*	69,009,764	71,765,940	+2,756,176
Revolving and Direction Funds	1,264,782	ane,512,246	+247,464
War machine Construction	vi,909,712	6,296,653	-613,059
Family Housing	1,261,288	1,319,852	+58,564
Full	580,299,684	582,701,587	+2,401,903

*Enquiry, Development, Test and Evaluation

Amounts in thousands of $US

Funding of payments and benefits [edit]

This portion of the armed services budget comprises roughly one 3rd to one half of the full defense force budget, considering only military personnel or additionally including civilian personnel, respectively. These expenditures volition typically be, the unmarried largest expense category for the Department. Since 2001, armed services pay and benefits accept increased by 85%, just remained roughly one tertiary of the total budget due to an overall increased upkeep. Military pay remains at about the 70th percentile compared to the private sector to concenter sufficient amounts of qualified personnel.^[68]

Military Pay and Benefits Funding	FY 2016 enacted	FY 2017 request
Military Personnel Appropriations	128.7	128.9
Medicare-Eligible Retiree Health Care Accruals	6.6	6.iv
Defense Health Plan	32.ix	33.8
DoD Teaching Activity	3.1	2.9
Family unit Housing	1.iii	1.three
Commissary Subsidy	one.4	1.2
Other Benefit Programs	3.v	3.iv
Military machine Pay and Benefits Funding	177.five	177.ix
Noncombatant Pay and Benefits Funding	71.8	72.9
Total Pay and Benefits Funding	249.iii	250.8
DoD Base Upkeep Authority	521.7	523.9
Military Pay and Benefits every bit % of Upkeep	34.0%	34.0%
Total Pay and Benefits equally % of Upkeep	47.8%	47.9%

Funding the military health arrangement [edit]

The request for 2017 amounts to $48.8 billion. The system has 9.4 meg beneficiaries, including active, retired, and eligible Reserve Component military personnel and their families, and dependent survivors.^[68]

Program	FY 2017 request
Defense Health (DHP)	33.5
Military Personnel	8.6
Military Construction	0.iii
Health Intendance Accrual	half-dozen.iv
Unified Medical Budget	48.8

Budget by year [edit]

Defense force Spending equally a Percent of GDP 1792–2017

Historical defense spending

The accompanying graphs show that U.South. armed services spending as a percent of GDP peaked during World State of war II.

The table shows historical spending on defense from 1996–2015, spending for 2014–15 is estimated.^[43] The defense force budget is shown in billions of dollars and full budget in trillions of dollars. The per centum of the total U.S. federal budget spent on defence force is indicated in the third row, and alter in defense spending from the previous year in the concluding row.

Decades	1990s				2000s										2010s
Years	96	97	98	99	00	01	02	03	04	05	06	07	08	09	10	11	12	13	14	15
Defense upkeep (billions)	266	270	271	292	304	335	362	456	491	506	556	625	696	698	721	717	681	610	614	637
Total upkeep (trillions)	ane.58	1.64	ane.69	1.78	1.82	1.96	2.09	2.27	2.41	two.58	2.78	2.86	iii.32	four.08	3.48	iii.51	3.58	iii.48	3.64	3.97
Defense force budget %	sixteen.8	sixteen.5	16.0	sixteen.4	xvi.7	17.one	17.three	20.one	20.4	xix.6	20.0	21.nine	20.9	17.i	20.7	xx.4	xix.1	17.v	16.8	16.0
Defense spending % modify	−0.ane	+ane.half dozen	+0.two	+7.8	+4.0	+10.1	+8.2	+26.0	+7.vi	+3.ane	+10.0	+12.5	+11.3	+0.2	+3.iv	−0.6	−five.0	−10.v	+0.vi	+3.8

Support service contractors [edit]

The role of support service contractors has increased since 2001 and in 2007 payments for contractor services exceeded investments in equipment for the armed forces for the get-go fourth dimension.^[69] In the 2010 upkeep, the support service contractors will be reduced from the current 39 percent of the workforce down to the pre-2001 level of 26 per centum.^[70] In a Pentagon review of Jan 2011, service contractors were found to be "increasingly unaffordable."^[71]

War machine budget and total U.s.a. federal spending [edit]

CBO Infographic showing 2020 federal spending

The U.S. Department of Defense upkeep accounted in fiscal yr 2017 for about fourteen.8% of the U.s. federal budgeted expenditures. According to the Congressional Budget Office, defense spending grew 9% annually on average in fiscal years 2000–2009.^[72]

Because of constitutional limitations, military funding is appropriated in a discretionary spending account. (Such accounts allow government planners to accept more than flexibility to change spending each year, as opposed to mandatory spending accounts that mandate spending on programs in accordance with the law, outside of the budgetary process.) In contempo years, discretionary spending as a whole has amounted to nigh one-third of total federal outlays.^[73] Department of Defence force spending'south share of discretionary spending was 50.v% in 2003, and has risen to between 53% and 54% in recent years.^[74]

For FY 2017, Department of Defence spending amounts to three.42% of Gdp. Because the U.S. Gdp has grown over time, the armed forces budget tin ascent in absolute terms while shrinking equally a pct of the GDP. For example, the Department of Defense budget was slated to be $664 billion in 2010 (including the cost of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan previously funded through supplementary upkeep legislation^{[75] [76]}), higher than at any other point in American history, simply even so 1.ane–1.iv% lower as a percent of GDP than the amount spent on military during the top of Cold-State of war military spending in the late 1980s.^[77] Admiral Mike Mullen, old Chairman of the Articulation Chiefs of Staff, has chosen four per centum an "absolute floor".^[78] This calculation does not take into business relationship some other armed services-related not-DOD spending, such as Veterans Affairs, Homeland Security, and involvement paid on debt incurred in past wars, which has increased even as a percent of the national Gdp.

In 2015, Pentagon and related spending totaled $598 billion.

In addition, the United States will spend at to the lowest degree $179 billion over the fiscal years of 2010-2018 on its nuclear arsenal, averaging $20 billion per twelvemonth. Despite President Barack Obama's attempts in the media to reduce the scope of the current nuclear arms race, the U.S. intends to spend an boosted $i trillion over the adjacent 30 years modernizing its nuclear arsenal.

In September 2017 the U.s.a. Senate followed President Donald Trump'southward plan to aggrandize military spending, which volition boost spending to $700 billion, virtually 91.iv% of which will be spent on maintaining the armed forces and principal Pentagon costs.^[79] Military spending is increasing regularly and more money is beingness spent every year on employee pay, operation and maintenance, and benefits including as health benefits. Methods to counteract rapidly increasing spending include shutting down bases, but that was banned by the Bipartisan Upkeep Act of 2013.^[80]

Federal waste [edit]

Equally of September 2014, the Section of Defense force was estimated to have "$857 million in excess parts and supplies". This figure has risen over the past years, and of the Pentagon waste that has been calculated, two figures are especially worth mentioning: the expenditure of "$150 million on private villas for a handful of Pentagon employees in Transitional islamic state of afghanistan and the procurement of the JLENS air-defense airship" which, throughout the program's development over the past two decades, is estimated to have cost $2.7 billion.^[81]

Critics have as well noted that an increase in armed services spending does non always yield greater safety from foreign armed services attacks. Critics notation that the The states is expected to spend $770 billion on national defense in 2023, more than than the next 10 countries spend combined with piddling measurable deviation in rubber.^[82] Russian federation, for instance, spends close to $62 billion, French republic and Federal republic of germany spend almost $53 billion each and Prc spends $252 billion. Anti-War activists such as Scott Horton argue that a hawkish foreign policy tin can atomic number 82 to negative externalities, such as the U.s.a. interest in Yemen contributing to the Dearth in Yemen (2016–present).^[83] Proponents for reduced military machine spending besides sometimes assert the prophylactic in remaining neutral in most international affairs and the utility of having an armed populace as a deterrent for strange invasion. For instance, Jo Jorgensen, Libertarian Party (U.s.a.) presidential candidate in 2020, asserted that her preferred policy would be if the United states of america had a like organisation to Switzerland, to remain neutral and take an armed populace. ^[84]

Comparison with other countries [edit]

A pie chart showing global armed forces expenditures by country for 2019, in Us$ billions, according to SIPRI

Map of military expenditures as a percentage of Gross domestic product by country, 2017^{[85] [ needs update ]}

The United states of america spends more on national defence force than China, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, France, Germany, United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, Japan, South Korea, and Brazil combined.^[86] The 2018 U.South. military budget accounts for approximately 36% of global arms spending (for comparison, U.South. Gdp is only 24% of global GDP^[87]). The 2018 budget is approximately 2.five times larger than the $250 billion military budget of Communist china. The Usa and its close allies are responsible for ii-thirds to three-quarters of the world's military spending (of which, in turn, the U.South. is responsible for the majority).^{[88] [89] [xc]} The U.s. also maintains the largest number of military bases on foreign soil beyond the world.^[91] While there are no freestanding foreign bases permanently located in the United States, there are now around 800 U.Southward. bases in foreign countries. Military spending makes upwards virtually 16% of unabridged federal spending and approximately one-half of discretionary spending. In a full general sense discretionary spending (defence force and non-defense force spending) makes upwards one-third of the annual federal budget.^[92]

In 2015, out of its budget of 3.97 trillion, the U.s.a. spent $637 billion on military.

In 2016, the United states spent 3.29% of its GDP on its military (considering but bones Section of Defense force budget spending), more than than France'due south 2.26% and less than Saudi Arabia's ix.85%.^[93] This is historically low for the United States since it peaked in 1944 at 37.8% of GDP (it reached the lowest point of 3.0% in 1999–2001). Even during the acme of the Vietnam War the percentage reached a high of 9.4% in 1968.^[94]

In 2018, the United States spent iii.2% of its Gross domestic product on its military, while Saudi Arabia spent 8.eight%, Israel spent 4.3%, Islamic republic of pakistan spent 4.0%, Russia spent 3.9%, South korea spent ii.vi%, Red china spent 1.9%, United Kingdom spent ane.8%, and Germany spent i.2% of its Gross domestic product on defence force.^{[95] [96]}

The Usa War machine'southward upkeep has plateaued in 2009, merely is even so considerably larger than whatsoever other war machine power.^[97]

[edit]

In 2009, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates wrote that the U.S. should adjust its priorities and spending to address the changing nature of threats in the world: "What all these potential adversaries—from terrorist cells to rogue nations to ascent powers—have in mutual is that they have learned that information technology is unwise to confront the United states of america straight on conventional armed forces terms. The Usa cannot take its electric current potency for granted and needs to invest in the programs, platforms, and personnel that will ensure that dominance'southward persistence. Merely information technology is too important to keep some perspective. Every bit much equally the U.Due south. Navy has shrunk since the end of the Cold War, for example, in terms of tonnage, its boxing fleet is all the same larger than the adjacent 13 navies combined—and 11 of those 13 navies are U.S. allies or partners."^[98] Secretary Gates announced some of his upkeep recommendations in April 2009.^[99]

According to a 2009 Congressional Research Service in that location was a discrepancy between a upkeep that is declining as a percentage of Gdp while the responsibilities of the DoD have not decreased and boosted pressures on the military budget have arisen due to broader missions in the post-nine/eleven world, dramatic increases in personnel and operating costs, and new requirements resulting from wartime lessons in the Republic of iraq War and Operation Enduring Freedom.^[100]

Expenses for fiscal years 2001 through 2010 were analyzed by Russell Rumbaugh, a retired Ground forces officer and ex-CIA military analyst, in a report for the Stimson Center.^[101] Rumbaugh wrote: "Between 1981 and 1990, the Air Force bought ii,063 fighters. In dissimilarity, between 2001 and 2010, it bought only 220. Still betwixt 2001 and 2010 the Air Force spent $38B of procurement funding just on fighter aircraft in aggrandizement-adjusted dollars, compared with the $68B information technology spent between 1981 and 1990. In other words, the Air Force spent 55 percent as much money to go 10 percent as many fighters." As Adam Weinstein explained one of the report's findings: "Of the roughly $1 trillion spent on gadgetry since 9/11, 22 percent of information technology came from 'supplemental' war funding — annual outlays that are voted on separately from the regular defense budget."^[102]

Most of the $5 billion in budget "cuts" for 2013 that were mandated by Congress in 2012 really only shifted expenses from the general military budget to the Afghanistan war budget. Declaring that most 65,000 troops were temporary rather than part of the permanent forces resulted in the reallocation of $iv billion in existing expenses to this different budget.^[103]

Anti-war protestation in Washington, D.C., 20 March 2010

In May 2012, as part of Obama's Eastward Asia "pin", his 2013 national military asking moved funding from the Army and Marines to favor the Navy, only the Congress has resisted this.^[104]

Reports emerged in February 2014 that Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel was planning to trim the defense budget by billions of dollars. The secretary in his kickoff defense budget planned to limit pay rises, increase fees for healthcare benefits, freeze the pay of senior officers, reduce military housing allowances, and reduce the size of the force.

In July 2014, American Enterprise Constitute scholar Michael Auslin opined in the National Review that the Air Strength needs to be fully funded as a priority, due to the air superiority, global airlift, and long-range strike capabilities it provides.^[105]

In January 2015 Defense Section published its internal study on how to save $125 billion on its military machine budget from 2016 to 2020 by renegotiating vendor contracts and pushing for stronger deals, and by offering workers early retirement and retraining.^[106]

2012 financial cliff [edit]

On v December 2012, the Department of Defense announced it was planning for automatic spending cuts, which include $500 billion and an additional $487 billion due to the 2011 Upkeep Control Act, due to the fiscal cliff.^{[107] [108] [109] [110] [111]} According to Pol, the Section of Defense declined to explain to the House of Representatives Appropriations Committee, which controls federal spending, what its plans were regarding the fiscal cliff planning.^[112]

This was after half a dozen Congresspeople very experienced in armed forces matters either resigned from Congress or lost their reelection fights, including Joe Lieberman (I-CT).^[113]

Lawrence Korb has noted that given recent trends military entitlements and personnel costs will take up the entire defence force budget by 2039.^[114]

GAO audits [edit]

The Government Accountability Part was unable to provide an audit stance on the 2010 financial statements of the U.S. authorities due to "widespread textile internal control weaknesses, meaning uncertainties, and other limitations."^[l] The GAO cited equally the main obstruction to its provision of an audit opinion "serious financial management problems at the Department of Defense that fabricated its financial statements unauditable."^[50]

In Fiscal Year (FY) 2011, seven out of 33 DoD reporting entities received unqualified audit opinions.^[115] Under Secretary of Defense Robert F. Hale acknowledged enterprise-wide weaknesses with controls and systems.^[116] Further direction discussion in the FY 2011 DoD Financial Study states "we are non able to deploy the vast numbers of accountants that would be required to reconcile our books manually".^[115] Congress has established a borderline of FY 2017 for the DoD to achieve audit readiness.^[117]

For FYs 1998-2010 the Department of Defence's fiscal statements were either unauditable or such that no inspect stance could be expressed.^{[118] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129]} Several years backside other government agencies, the outset results from an regular army of well-nigh ii,400 contracted DoD auditors are expected on 15 November 2018.^[130]

Reform [edit]

In a statement of 6 January 2011 Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates stated: "This section simply cannot take chances standing downwards the same path – where our investment priorities, bureaucratic habits and lax attitude towards costs are increasingly divorced from the real threats of today, the growing perils of tomorrow and the nation's grim financial outlook." Gates has proposed a upkeep that, if approved by Congress, would reduce the costs of many DOD programs and policies, including reports, the IT infrastructure, fuel, weapon programs, DOD bureaucracies, and personnel.^[131]

The 2015 expenditure for Army research, development and acquisition changed from $32 billion projected in 2012 for FY15, to $21 billion for FY15 expected in 2014.^[132]

In 2018, it was announced that the Department of Defence force was indeed the subject of a comprehensive monetary audit. This review was conducted by individual, tertiary-party accounting consultants. The audit ended and was deemed incomplete due to scarce bookkeeping practices in the department.

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Further reading [edit]

• Stiglitz, Joseph E.; Bilmes, Linda J. (2008). The 3 Trillion Dollar State of war: The truthful cost of the Iraq disharmonize (1st. ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & visitor. ISBN9780393067019.

External links [edit]

• US Government Defense Spending History with Charts - a www.usgovernmentspending.com briefing (archived)

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States

Posted by: buchananaboomed.blogspot.com

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